Перевод: с английского на все языки

со всех языков на английский

be carried by current

Толкование Перевод

1 current-carrying capacity
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

Этот ток обозначают I_Z
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

EN

(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]

ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]

Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.

The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.

In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.

Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.

The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.

For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.

Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.

When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:
- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]

Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
- длительно допустимый ток
- допустимый ток
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
предельно допустимый ток
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
- current capacity
- current-carrying capacity
прочность печатной платы к токовой нагрузке
Свойство печатной платы сохранять электрические и механические характеристики после воздействия максимально допустимой токовой нагрузки на печатный проводник или металлизированное отверстие печатной платы.
[ ГОСТ Р 53386-2009]

Тематики
- платы печатные
EN
- current-carrying capacity
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > current-carrying capacity
2 current

I ['kʌrənt] n
1) течение, струя, поток

The boat was carried away by the current. — Лодку унесло течением.

The current washed the boards to/on the bank. — Течение прибило доски к берегу.

- swift current
- current in the river
- against the current
- swim with the current
- breast the current
- struggle with the current
2) ток (электрический)

- direct current
II ['kʌrənt]
текущий, нынешний, современный

- current week
- current year
- current issue
- current events
- current affairs
- current account
- current price
USAGE:

See new, adj

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > current
3 continuous current-carrying capacity
1. длительный допустимый ток
2. длительная пропускная способность по току
длительная пропускная способность по току
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
- continuous current-carrying capacity
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

Этот ток обозначают I_Z
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

EN

(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]

ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]

Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.

The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.

In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.

Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.

The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.

For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.

Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.

When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:
- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]

Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
- длительно допустимый ток
- допустимый ток
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > continuous current-carrying capacity
4 continuous current
1. непрерывный ток
2. длительный допустимый ток
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

Этот ток обозначают I_Z
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

EN

(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]

ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]

Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.

The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.

In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.

Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.

The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.

For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.

Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.

When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:
- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]

Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
- длительно допустимый ток
- допустимый ток
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
непрерывный ток
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999]

Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
- continuous current
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > continuous current
5 design current (of an electric circuit)
1. расчетный ток (электрической цепи)
расчетный ток (электрической цепи)
Электрический ток, предназначенный для протекания в электрической цепи при нормальных условиях эксплуатации
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

Расчетный ток определяют с учетом разновременности включения потребителей. Когда условия являются изменчивыми, расчетный ток представляет собой непрерывный ток, который привел бы компоненты цепи к той же самой температуре. Этот ток обозначают I_B
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

EN

design current (of an electric circuit)
electric current intended to be carried by an electric circuit in normal operation
[IEV number 826-11-10]

FR

courant d'emploi (d'un circuit électrique), m
courant électrique destiné à être transporté dans un circuit électrique en fonctionnement normal
[IEV number 826-11-10]

Тематики
- электроустановки
EN
- design current (of an electric circuit)
DE
- vorgesehener Betriebsstrom (eines Stromkreises), m
FR
- courant d'emploi (d'un circuit électrique), m
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > design current (of an electric circuit)
6 drift

drift [drɪft]

1. intransitive verb

(on sea, river) dériver ; (in wind/current) être emporté (par le vent/le courant) ; [snow, sand] s'amonceler

• to drift downstream descendre la rivière emporté par le courant

• to drift away/out/back [person] partir/sortir/revenir d'une allure nonchalante

• he was drifting aimlessly about il flânait sans but

• to let things drift laisser les choses aller à la dérive

• he drifted into marriage il s'est retrouvé marié

• to drift from job to job aller d'un travail à un autre

• the nation was drifting towards a crisis le pays allait vers la crise

2. noun

a. [of fallen snow] congère f

b. ( = meaning) (inf) to get sb's drift comprendre où qn veut en venir

• get my drift? tu vois ce que je veux dire ?

► drift apart intransitive verb s'éloigner l'un de l'autre

► drift off intransitive verb

( = fall asleep) se laisser gagner par le sommeil

* * *
[drɪft] 1.
noun

1) (flow, movement)

the drift of the current — le sens du courant

the drift of events — fig le cours des événements

the drift from the land — l'exode m rural

the slow drift of strikers back to work — le lent retour des grévistes au travail

2) ( of snow) congère f; (of leaves, sand) tas m; (of smoke, mist) nuage m

3) ( general meaning) sens m (général)

to catch the drift of somebody's argument — comprendre où quelqu'un veut en venir
2.
intransitive verb

1) ( be carried by current) dériver; ( by wind) [balloon] voler à la dérive; [smoke, fog] flotter

2) ( pile up) [snow] former des congères fpl; [leaves] s'amonceler

3)

to drift along — [person] lit flâner; fig se laisser aller

to drift from job to job — passer d'un emploi à un autre

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- drift apart

- drift off

English-French dictionary > drift
7 carry

carry [ˈkærɪ]

1. transitive verb

   a. ( = bear, transport) [person] porter ; [vehicle] transporter

• she was carrying the child in her arms elle portait l'enfant dans ses bras

• this ship carries coal/passengers ce bateau transporte du charbon/des passagers

• he carried the plates through to the kitchen il a emporté les assiettes à la cuisine

• he carried his audience with him il a enthousiasmé son auditoire

   b. ( = have on one's person) [+ identity card, documents, money] avoir sur soi ; [+ umbrella, gun, sword] avoir

   c. [+ disease] être porteur de

• people carrying the AIDS virus les individus porteurs du virus du sida

   d. [+ warning, notice] comporter

• it carries a five-year guarantee c'est garanti cinq ans

   e. ( = involve) [+ risk, responsibility] comporter

• a crime which carries the death penalty un crime passible de la peine de mort

   f. [+ goods] vendre

• we don't carry that article nous ne faisons pas cet article

   g. [+ sound] conduire

   h. ( = win) remporter

• to carry the day gagner

• the bill was carried (by 302 votes to 197) le projet de loi a été voté (par 302 voix contre 197)

   i. to carry o.s. se tenir

• he carries himself like a soldier il a le port d'un militaire

   j. [newspaper] [+ story] rapporter

• the papers all carried a photograph of the explosion la photo de l'explosion était dans tous les journaux

   k. ( = be pregnant with) attendre

2. intransitive verb

[voice, sound] porter

3. compounds

► carry-on noun (pejorative: inf) histoires (inf) fpl

• what a carry-on (about nothing)! que d'histoires (pour rien) ! (inf) adjective, noun also carry-on luggage bagage à main ► carry-out noun ( = food) plat m à emporter ; ( = drink) boisson f à emporter

► carry away separable transitive verb

   a. [+ thing] emporter

   b. (figurative)

he was carried away by his friend's enthusiasm il a été transporté par l'enthousiasme de son ami

• to get carried away by sth (inf) s'emballer (inf) pour qch

• don't get carried away! (inf) ne t'emballe pas ! (inf)► carry off separable transitive verb

[+ thing] emporter ; [+ prizes, honours] remporter

• to carry it off (inf) réussir (son coup)► carry on

1. intransitive verb

   a. ( = continue) continuer ( doing sth à or de faire qch)

• carry on! continuez !

• carry on with your work! continuez votre travail !

   b. ( = make a fuss) (inf) faire des histoires (inf)

   c. ( = have an affair) to be carrying on with sb (inf) avoir une aventure avec qn

2. separable transitive verb

   a. ( = conduct) [+ business, trade] faire ; [+ conversation] soutenir ; [+ negotiations] mener

   b. ( = continue) continuer

► carry out separable transitive verb

   a. [+ thing] emporter ; [+ person] emmener

• the current carried him out to sea le courant l'a entraîné vers le large

   b. ( = put into action) [+ plan, order] exécuter ; [+ experiment, search, investigation] faire

► carry through separable transitive verb

[+ plan] mener à bonne fin

* * *
['kærɪ] 1.
noun ( range) portée f
2.
transitive verb

1) porter [bag, shopping, load, news, message] (in dans; on sur)

to carry something up/down — porter quelque chose en haut/en bas

to carry something in/out — apporter/emporter quelque chose

to carry a child across the road — porter un enfant pour lui faire traverser la route

to carry cash/a gun — avoir de l'argent liquide/un revolver sur soi

to carry a picture in one's mind — avoir une image toujours en tête

to carry something too far — fig pousser quelque chose trop loin

2) [vehicle, pipe, wire, vein] transporter; [wind, tide, current, stream] emporter

to be carried on the wind — être porté or transporté par le vent

his quest carried him to India — sa quête l'a amené en Inde

3) ( feature) comporter [warning, guarantee, report]; porter [symbol, label]; publier [advert]

4) ( entail) comporter [risk]; être passible de [penalty]

to carry conviction — être convaincant

5) (bear, support) [bridge, road] supporter [load, traffic]

6) ( win) l'emporter dans [state, constituency]; remporter [battle, match]

the motion was carried by 20 votes to 13 — la motion l'a emporté par 20 votes contre 13

to carry all before one — l'emporter haut la main

7) Medicine être porteur/-euse de [disease]

8) ( be pregnant with) [woman] être enceinte de [girl, twins]; [animal] porter [young]

I am carrying his child — je porte son enfant

9) Commerce (stock, sell) faire [item, brand]

we carry a wide range of — nous offrons un grand choix de

10) (hold, bear) ( permanently) porter [tail, head]

11) Mathematics retenir [one, two]
3.
intransitive verb [sound, voice] porter

to carry well — porter bien
4.
reflexive verb

to carry oneself — se tenir

Phrasal Verbs:

- carry back

- carry forward

- carry off

- carry on

- carry out

- carry over

- carry through

••

to get carried away — (colloq) s'emballer (colloq), se laisser emporter

English-French dictionary > carry
8 CF

1) Общая лексика: сырая клетчатка (crude fiber)

2) Компьютерная техника: Call Forwarding, Captive Farmed, Configuration File, context-free (см. также CS)

3) Медицина: cystic fibrosis, coronary flow (коронарный кровоток), сердечная недостаточность

4) Американизм: Confer For

5) Латинский язык: Cantus Firmus

6) Военный термин: Canadian Forces, Chaplain to the Forces, Chief of Finance, Chosen Few, Compartment Facility, Concentrated Fire, Control Functions, cable firing, cable fuzing, center-fire, coastal frontier, combined function, concept feasibility, concept formulation, contact fuze, contingency force, control function, controlled facility, copy furnished, correlation factor, counterattack force, counterfire, covering force, Си-Эф (ОВ общеядовитого действия)

7) Техника: Cassegrain feed, Correlation Function, cable fusing, cable, functional, call finder, cash inflow, center of flotation, characteristic function, charge follower, chopping frequency, circuit finder, clock frequency, clutter factor, coarse fill, coarse fine, collector family, column feed, comb filter, conducting film, conducting furnace, confinement factor, continuous flow, control flag, conversion facility, conversion frequency, core flooding, coupling film, cowl-to-end-of-frame, cresol formaldehyde, crystal filter, current feedback, current force, cut film, фланец обсадной колонны (casing flange)

8) Сельское хозяйство: Corn Flour

9) Химия: Ceramic Fiber

10) Математика: поправочный коэффициент (correction factor), характеристическая функция (characteristic function)

11) Железнодорожный термин: Cape Fear Railways Incorporated

12) Экономика: certificate

13) Бухгалтерия: cash flow, кассовая прибыль (cash flow), перенесено (carried forward), поток денежных средств (cash flow), приток денежных средств, чистая прибыль на кассовой основе (cash flow), к переносу (carried forward), перенесённый на будущий период (carried forward), перенесённый на другой счёт (carried forward), перенесённый на другую страницу (carried forward), пролонгированный (carried forward)

14) Фармакология: муковисцидоз

15) Финансы: денежный поток

16) Биржевой термин: Collection Frequency

17) Грубое выражение: Cluster Fuck

18) Металлургия: cathode follower

19) Полиграфия: Coated Front, с покрытием на лицевой стороне (coated front)

20) Политика: Congo

21) Телекоммуникации: Call Forward, Coin First

22) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) River gunboat, (Peruvian Navy), Canadian French, Carrier Frequency, Carry Forward, Central African Republic, Citizen Force (South Africa), Controlled Fragmentation, Corresponding Fellow, cardiac failure, carriage free, circle filter, controlled feedback, Coin First (payphone), carrier-free, complement fixation

23) Университет: Curriculum Framework

24) Физика: Cross Flow

25) Физиология: Cardiac Float, Colds And Flu, Compare, refer to

26) Фото: формат флеш-памяти, появился одним из первых. (CompactFlash)

27) Электроника: Center Frequency, Characteristic Frequency, Conductivity Factor

28) Вычислительная техника: Compact Flash, carry flag, control footing, count forward, Carry Flag (Assembler), Cystic Fibrosis (Disease), Compact Framework (MS,.NET), Compact Flash (card), Coin First (payphone, Telephony), контекстно-независимый, обобщённые средства, флаг переноса, центральный файл

29) Нефть: casing flange, clay filled, completion factor, constant frequency, correction factor, cubic feet, заполненный глинистым материалом (clay filled), полностью отказавший (completely faulty)

30) Иммунология: Cure Found

31) Картография: centre of fence

32) Транспорт: Connecting Flight, Critical Failure, Custom Formulated

33) СМИ: Commercial Film

34) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: cubic foot (feet), куб. фут, фут

35) Образование: Cross Reference

36) Сетевые технологии: Common Facilities, central file, context free

37) ЕБРР: carried forward

38) Полимеры: calendered film, cold forming, conductive furnace, cornering force

39) Программирование: Computation Flag

40) Автоматика: cold finished

41) Контроль качества: completely failed

42) Сахалин Ю: foam mixture

43) Сахалин А: фут[up 3]

44) Молочное производство: Crude Fiber

45) SAP.тех. система управляющих элементов

46) Нефть и газ: circulation flash

47) Электротехника: carbon fiber, collapse of frequency, conversion factor

48) Общественная организация: Concern Foundation

49) Должность: Conceptual Framework

50) NYSE. Charter One Financial, Inc.

51) Федеральное бюро расследований: Case File

52) Международная торговля: Customs Form

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > CF
9 Cf

1) Общая лексика: сырая клетчатка (crude fiber)

2) Компьютерная техника: Call Forwarding, Captive Farmed, Configuration File, context-free (см. также CS)

3) Медицина: cystic fibrosis, coronary flow (коронарный кровоток), сердечная недостаточность

4) Американизм: Confer For

5) Латинский язык: Cantus Firmus

6) Военный термин: Canadian Forces, Chaplain to the Forces, Chief of Finance, Chosen Few, Compartment Facility, Concentrated Fire, Control Functions, cable firing, cable fuzing, center-fire, coastal frontier, combined function, concept feasibility, concept formulation, contact fuze, contingency force, control function, controlled facility, copy furnished, correlation factor, counterattack force, counterfire, covering force, Си-Эф (ОВ общеядовитого действия)

7) Техника: Cassegrain feed, Correlation Function, cable fusing, cable, functional, call finder, cash inflow, center of flotation, characteristic function, charge follower, chopping frequency, circuit finder, clock frequency, clutter factor, coarse fill, coarse fine, collector family, column feed, comb filter, conducting film, conducting furnace, confinement factor, continuous flow, control flag, conversion facility, conversion frequency, core flooding, coupling film, cowl-to-end-of-frame, cresol formaldehyde, crystal filter, current feedback, current force, cut film, фланец обсадной колонны (casing flange)

8) Сельское хозяйство: Corn Flour

9) Химия: Ceramic Fiber

10) Математика: поправочный коэффициент (correction factor), характеристическая функция (characteristic function)

11) Железнодорожный термин: Cape Fear Railways Incorporated

12) Экономика: certificate

13) Бухгалтерия: cash flow, кассовая прибыль (cash flow), перенесено (carried forward), поток денежных средств (cash flow), приток денежных средств, чистая прибыль на кассовой основе (cash flow), к переносу (carried forward), перенесённый на будущий период (carried forward), перенесённый на другой счёт (carried forward), перенесённый на другую страницу (carried forward), пролонгированный (carried forward)

14) Фармакология: муковисцидоз

15) Финансы: денежный поток

16) Биржевой термин: Collection Frequency

17) Грубое выражение: Cluster Fuck

18) Металлургия: cathode follower

19) Полиграфия: Coated Front, с покрытием на лицевой стороне (coated front)

20) Политика: Congo

21) Телекоммуникации: Call Forward, Coin First

22) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) River gunboat, (Peruvian Navy), Canadian French, Carrier Frequency, Carry Forward, Central African Republic, Citizen Force (South Africa), Controlled Fragmentation, Corresponding Fellow, cardiac failure, carriage free, circle filter, controlled feedback, Coin First (payphone), carrier-free, complement fixation

23) Университет: Curriculum Framework

24) Физика: Cross Flow

25) Физиология: Cardiac Float, Colds And Flu, Compare, refer to

26) Фото: формат флеш-памяти, появился одним из первых. (CompactFlash)

27) Электроника: Center Frequency, Characteristic Frequency, Conductivity Factor

28) Вычислительная техника: Compact Flash, carry flag, control footing, count forward, Carry Flag (Assembler), Cystic Fibrosis (Disease), Compact Framework (MS,.NET), Compact Flash (card), Coin First (payphone, Telephony), контекстно-независимый, обобщённые средства, флаг переноса, центральный файл

29) Нефть: casing flange, clay filled, completion factor, constant frequency, correction factor, cubic feet, заполненный глинистым материалом (clay filled), полностью отказавший (completely faulty)

30) Иммунология: Cure Found

31) Картография: centre of fence

32) Транспорт: Connecting Flight, Critical Failure, Custom Formulated

33) СМИ: Commercial Film

34) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: cubic foot (feet), куб. фут, фут

35) Образование: Cross Reference

36) Сетевые технологии: Common Facilities, central file, context free

37) ЕБРР: carried forward

38) Полимеры: calendered film, cold forming, conductive furnace, cornering force

39) Программирование: Computation Flag

40) Автоматика: cold finished

41) Контроль качества: completely failed

42) Сахалин Ю: foam mixture

43) Сахалин А: фут[up 3]

44) Молочное производство: Crude Fiber

45) SAP.тех. система управляющих элементов

46) Нефть и газ: circulation flash

47) Электротехника: carbon fiber, collapse of frequency, conversion factor

48) Общественная организация: Concern Foundation

49) Должность: Conceptual Framework

50) NYSE. Charter One Financial, Inc.

51) Федеральное бюро расследований: Case File

52) Международная торговля: Customs Form

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Cf
10 cf

1) Общая лексика: сырая клетчатка (crude fiber)

2) Компьютерная техника: Call Forwarding, Captive Farmed, Configuration File, context-free (см. также CS)

3) Медицина: cystic fibrosis, coronary flow (коронарный кровоток), сердечная недостаточность

4) Американизм: Confer For

5) Латинский язык: Cantus Firmus

6) Военный термин: Canadian Forces, Chaplain to the Forces, Chief of Finance, Chosen Few, Compartment Facility, Concentrated Fire, Control Functions, cable firing, cable fuzing, center-fire, coastal frontier, combined function, concept feasibility, concept formulation, contact fuze, contingency force, control function, controlled facility, copy furnished, correlation factor, counterattack force, counterfire, covering force, Си-Эф (ОВ общеядовитого действия)

7) Техника: Cassegrain feed, Correlation Function, cable fusing, cable, functional, call finder, cash inflow, center of flotation, characteristic function, charge follower, chopping frequency, circuit finder, clock frequency, clutter factor, coarse fill, coarse fine, collector family, column feed, comb filter, conducting film, conducting furnace, confinement factor, continuous flow, control flag, conversion facility, conversion frequency, core flooding, coupling film, cowl-to-end-of-frame, cresol formaldehyde, crystal filter, current feedback, current force, cut film, фланец обсадной колонны (casing flange)

8) Сельское хозяйство: Corn Flour

9) Химия: Ceramic Fiber

10) Математика: поправочный коэффициент (correction factor), характеристическая функция (characteristic function)

11) Железнодорожный термин: Cape Fear Railways Incorporated

12) Экономика: certificate

13) Бухгалтерия: cash flow, кассовая прибыль (cash flow), перенесено (carried forward), поток денежных средств (cash flow), приток денежных средств, чистая прибыль на кассовой основе (cash flow), к переносу (carried forward), перенесённый на будущий период (carried forward), перенесённый на другой счёт (carried forward), перенесённый на другую страницу (carried forward), пролонгированный (carried forward)

14) Фармакология: муковисцидоз

15) Финансы: денежный поток

16) Биржевой термин: Collection Frequency

17) Грубое выражение: Cluster Fuck

18) Металлургия: cathode follower

19) Полиграфия: Coated Front, с покрытием на лицевой стороне (coated front)

20) Политика: Congo

21) Телекоммуникации: Call Forward, Coin First

22) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) River gunboat, (Peruvian Navy), Canadian French, Carrier Frequency, Carry Forward, Central African Republic, Citizen Force (South Africa), Controlled Fragmentation, Corresponding Fellow, cardiac failure, carriage free, circle filter, controlled feedback, Coin First (payphone), carrier-free, complement fixation

23) Университет: Curriculum Framework

24) Физика: Cross Flow

25) Физиология: Cardiac Float, Colds And Flu, Compare, refer to

26) Фото: формат флеш-памяти, появился одним из первых. (CompactFlash)

27) Электроника: Center Frequency, Characteristic Frequency, Conductivity Factor

28) Вычислительная техника: Compact Flash, carry flag, control footing, count forward, Carry Flag (Assembler), Cystic Fibrosis (Disease), Compact Framework (MS,.NET), Compact Flash (card), Coin First (payphone, Telephony), контекстно-независимый, обобщённые средства, флаг переноса, центральный файл

29) Нефть: casing flange, clay filled, completion factor, constant frequency, correction factor, cubic feet, заполненный глинистым материалом (clay filled), полностью отказавший (completely faulty)

30) Иммунология: Cure Found

31) Картография: centre of fence

32) Транспорт: Connecting Flight, Critical Failure, Custom Formulated

33) СМИ: Commercial Film

34) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: cubic foot (feet), куб. фут, фут

35) Образование: Cross Reference

36) Сетевые технологии: Common Facilities, central file, context free

37) ЕБРР: carried forward

38) Полимеры: calendered film, cold forming, conductive furnace, cornering force

39) Программирование: Computation Flag

40) Автоматика: cold finished

41) Контроль качества: completely failed

42) Сахалин Ю: foam mixture

43) Сахалин А: фут[up 3]

44) Молочное производство: Crude Fiber

45) SAP.тех. система управляющих элементов

46) Нефть и газ: circulation flash

47) Электротехника: carbon fiber, collapse of frequency, conversion factor

48) Общественная организация: Concern Foundation

49) Должность: Conceptual Framework

50) NYSE. Charter One Financial, Inc.

51) Федеральное бюро расследований: Case File

52) Международная торговля: Customs Form

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > cf
11 balance

1. сущ.
1) остаток, сальдо, баланс

а) учет ( разность между итогами записей по дебету и кредиту счетов)

ATTRIBUTES: opening, closing, brought down, carried down, brought forward, carried forward, average, negative, positive, previous, running, current, net, gross, reserved, daily, monthly

COMBS:

balance of $10 — остаток в размере 10 долл.

A company had an opening inventory balance of $375,000 at the beginning of the fiscal year and a closing inventory balance at year-end of $125,000. — Остаток (товарно-материальных) запасов компании на начало отчетного периода составил 375 тыс. долл., а на конец периода — 125 тыс. долл.

balance on deposit — остаток на вкладе [на депозите\]

balance on capital account — остаток по счету движения капиталов

to draw up [make up\] balance — подводить итог, сводить баланс, выводить сальдо

to carry balance forward [down\], to carry forward [down\] balance, to carry over balance, to bring down balance — переносить остаток

to show balance — показывать баланс [остаток\]

See:

average balance, negative balance, positive balance, deficit, surplus, account balance 1), balance brought down, balance brought forward, balance carried down, balance due, balance of profit, balance of retained earnings, balance on hand, balance on order, book balance 1) а), cash balance, closing balance, credit balance 1) а), debit balance 1) а), intercompany balance, opening balance, balance column, direct test of financial balance, on balance

б) фин., банк. (сумма, оставшаяся на расчетном, кредитном или ином счете, напр., непогашенная часть займа, невыплаченная задолженность покупателя по поставленным товарам и т. п.; во мн. числе — остатки на счетах, активы, авуары)

ATTRIBUTES: low, high, due 2., unpaid, outstanding, adjusted, compensatory, compensation, available balance, usable, collected, uncollected, vested, clearing, unexpended, unclaimed, precautionary

dollar balance — долларовый баланс; остаток на счете в долларах

dollar balances — долларовые активы; остатки на счетах в долларах, долларовые счета, долларовые авуары

sterling balance — стерлинговый баланс, остаток на счете в фунтах-стерлингах

sterling balances — стерлинговые активы, остатки на счетах в фунтах-стерлингах, стерлинговые счета, стерлинговые авуары

to update balance — вывести новый остаток на счете, обновить остаток [баланс\]

to pay (off) balance — выплачивать остаток

to accumulated balance — накапливать средства (на счете)

He accumulated a healthy balance with the savings bank. — Он накопил значительные средства в сберегательном банке.

See:

account balance 2), available balance, balance due, balance of debt, book balance 2) б), cash balance, cleared balance, collected balance, compensating balance, credit balance 2) б), deficit balance 2), loan balance, outstanding balance, past due balance, previous balance, remaining balance, 1) б), unclaimed balances, uncollected balance, unexpended balances, unpaid balance, vested balance, zero balance, minimum balance requirement, no-minimum balance account, adjusted balance method, daily balance method, low balance method, zero-balance account COMBS: adjusted balance method, average daily balance method, past due balance method, previous balance method

в) межд. эк., фин. ( разность между стоимостью экспорта и импорта)

ATTRIBUTES: active, favourable, passive, adverse, unfavourable, negative, positive

balance of current transactions — баланс текущих операций, сальдо по текущим сделкам

balance of unclassified transactions — сальдо по неклассифицируемым операциям

See:

adverse balance, balance of merchandise trade, balance of payments, balance of services, balance of trade, balance on capital account, balance on current account, balance on goods and services, capital account balance, current account balance, deficit balance 1), favourable balance, foreign trade balance, goods and services balance, invisible balance, official reserves balance 2)

г) эк. (разница между любыми др. противоположно направленными потоками; напр., разница между денежными поступлениями и выплатами за определенный промежуток времени, разница между миграционными потоками, остаток товаров на складе и т. д.)

ATTRIBUTES: unencumbered, unobligated, on hand, on order, marginal

See:

balance of migration, budget balance, in-stock balance, investment income balance, inventory balance, migration balance, unencumbered balance, unobligated balances

2) учет, редк. баланс (документ, содержащий данные о разнонаправленных потоках, а также их сальдо; в данном значении термин употребляется в основном в устойчивых словосочетаниях)

See:

balance of payments 1), balance of services 1), balance of trade 1), balance sheet, commodity balance, external balance 1) б), foreign balance, official reserves balance 1), trial balance

3)

а) общ. баланс, равновесие (в прямом и переносном смысле: соответствие, равенство, пропорциональность, гармоническое сочетание)

ATTRIBUTES: stable, fair, external, internal, optimal, stochastic

delicate balance — неустойчивое равновесие

balance of mind — нормальное состояние рассудка

to distort [to disturb, to upset\] balance — нарушать равновесие

to upset balance of smth. — выводить что-л. из состояния равновесия

to hold balance — поддерживать равновесие (также: осуществлять власть, контроль)

to bring in balance with smth. — привести в соответствие с чем-л.

to keep in near balance — держаться почти в соответствии

to observe balance — поддерживать баланс, соблюдать баланс

to be out of balance — выйти из равновесия, находиться в неравновесном состоянии

See:

balance of power, balance of terror, stock balance 1), batch balance, advertising balance, cost-effectiveness, work-life balance, informal balance, formal balance, symmetrical balance, asymmetrical balance, social balance, colour balance, external balance 1) а), internal balance, balance of births and deaths, materials balance approach, general balance law, on balance

б) учет баланс, равенство (напр., численное совпадение общих остатков (оборотов) по дебету с общими остатками (оборотами) по кредиту по всем счетам бухгалтерского учета)

See:

balance off

4) торг. весы (инструмент для взвешивания чего-л.)

compression balance — пружинные весы

taring balance — весы для сыпучих материалов

torsion balance — крутильные весы, электрические весы Кулон

steelyard balance — безмен

elevator balance — элеваторные весы

floating balance — прибор для определения размера зерен в жидкости

waggon balance — вагонные весы

pan balance — чашечные весы

platform balance — платформенные весы

See:

weight

5) общ. баланс, уравновешивающая сила

See:

COMBS: checks and balances
2. гл.
1) общ. балансировать, сбалансировать, уравновешивать, приводить в равновесие

to balance the budget — балансировать бюджет, составлять сбалансированный бюджет

to balance trade — балансировать торговлю

to balance foreign trade — балансировать внешнюю торговлю; приводить в соответствие экспорт и импорт

If America wants to balance trade, it must export more, or use less oil. — Если Америка хочет сбалансировать торговлю, она должна больше экспортировать или потреблять меньше нефти.

See:

balance the budget, government expenditure, government receipts

2) учет выводить сальдо, подводить итог, подытоживать, сводить, закрывать

to balance account — выводить сальдо по счету

to balance the books — закрыть счета, вывести сальдо, подвести итог (по балансу)

to balance the ledger — закрыть главную книгу

At the end of your accounting year, you will have to balance the books for tax purposes and to check on the financial health of the company. — В конце отчетного периода вы должны будете подвести итоги по балансу для целей налогообложения и проверить финансовое состояние компании.

to balance (one's) gain and loss — подводить итог (чьим-л.) приходу и расходу [прибылям и убыткам\]

Accounts do not balance (total debits don’t equal total credits). — Счета не сходятся (сумма дебетовых сальдо не равна сумме кредитовых сальдо).

Syn:

balance off, close, write up

See:

balance the books

3) банк. выверять, согласовывать (выверять состояние банковского счета путем сравнения банковской выписки со счета с чековой книжкой или учетными записями клиента)

to balance account — выверять состояние (банковского) счета

Syn:

reconcile

See:

bank statement 1)

4) эк. компенсировать(ся); нейтрализовать(ся), противопоставлять(ся), взаимопогашать(ся)

the advantages more than balance the disadvantages — достоинства вполне покрывают недостатки

Syn:

balance out

5) общ. взвешивать, обдумывать; сопоставлять

to balance probabilities — сопоставлять вероятности

See:

balancing, balanced
3. прил.
1) учет балансовый ( относящийся к бухгалтерскому балансу)

Syn:

balance sheet 2.

See:

balance account, balance book, balance form of account, balance date, balance 1. 2)

2) общ. балансовый (основанный на равенстве (равновесии, балансе) отдельных частей)

See:

balance method, balance model, balance theory, balance 1. 3)

3) учет, бирж. итоговый, сальдовый, остаточный, балансовый

See:

balance column, balance certificate, balance 1. 1)

* * *
Bal balance баланс: 1) баланс, сальдо, остаток; 2) разница между дебетом и кредитом счета; остаток денег на счете; см. credit balance;
debit balance;
3) to balance - рассчитывать разницу между дебетом и кредитом; выравнивать дебет и кредит счета; 4) балансовая стоимость актива или пассива; 5) = balance sheet; 6) = balance due.
* * *

статок; сальдо
. . Словарь экономических терминов .

Англо-русский экономический словарь > balance
12 carry

1. transitive verb
1) (transport) tragen; (with emphasis on destination) bringen; [Strom:] spülen; [Verkehrsmittel:] befördern

carry all before one — (fig.) nicht aufzuhalten sein

2) (conduct) leiten

carry something into effect — etwas in die Tat umsetzen

3) (support) tragen; (contain) fassen

carry responsibility — Verantwortung tragen

4) (have with one)

carry [with one] — bei sich haben od. tragen; tragen [Waffe, Kennzeichen]

5) (possess) besitzen [Autorität, Gewicht]; see also academic.ru/15886/conviction">conviction 2)

6) (hold)

she carries herself well — sie hat eine gute Haltung

7) (prolong)

carry modesty/altruism etc. to excess — die Bescheidenheit/den Altruismus usw. bis zum Exzess treiben

carry things to extremes — die Dinge auf die Spitze treiben

8) (Math.): (transfer) im Sinn behalten

carry one — eins im Sinn

9) (win) durchbringen [Antrag, Gesetzentwurf, Vorschlag]

the motion is carried — der Antrag ist angenommen

carry one's audience with one — das Publikum überzeugen

carry the day — den Sieg davontragen
2. intransitive verb
[Stimme, Laut:] zu hören sein

Phrasal Verbs:

- carry away

- carry back

- carry forward

- carry off

- carry on

- carry out

- carry over

- carry through

* * *
['kæri]
verb

1) (to take from one place etc to another: She carried the child over the river; Flies carry disease.) tragen

2) (to go from one place to another: Sound carries better over water.) reichen; übertragen

3) (to support: These stone columns carry the weight of the whole building.) tragen

4) (to have or hold: This job carries great responsibility.) mit sich bringen

5) (to approve (a bill etc) by a majority of votes: The parliamentary bill was carried by forty-two votes.) durchsetzen

6) (to hold (oneself) in a certain way: He carries himself like a soldier.) sich haben

•

noun

((slang) a fuss; excited behaviour.)

adjective

((of bags or cases) that passengers can carry with them on board a plane.)

- carry-all
- carry-cot
- be/get carried away
- carry forward
- carry off
- carry on
- carry out
- carry weight
* * *

car·ry

<- ie->

[ˈkæri, AM ˈkeri]

I. vt

1. (bear)

▪ to \carry sb/sth jdn/etw tragen

to \carry sb piggyback jdn huckepack tragen

▪ to \carry sth around etw mit sich dat herumtragen

2. (move)

▪ to \carry sb/sth somewhere jdn/etw irgendwohin tragen

the wind carried the leaves up in the air der Wind wirbelte die Blätter hoch

to be carried downstream/down the river flussabwärts treiben

3. (transport)

▪ to \carry sb/sth jdn/etw transportieren [o befördern]

the bus was \carrying our children to school der Bus brachte unsere Kinder zur Schule

the truck was not \carrying a load der Lastwagen war nicht beladen

the stranded ship was \carrying cargo das gestrandete Schiff hatte eine Ladung an Bord

4. (sustain the weight of)

▪ to \carry sb/sth jdn/etw tragen

I'm so tired my legs won't \carry me ich bin so müde, ich kann mich kaum mehr auf den Beinen halten

5. (have with you)

▪ to \carry sth [with one] etw bei sich dat haben [o tragen]

it's risky to \carry a knife/revolver [with you] es ist riskant, ein Messer/einen Revolver bei sich zu tragen

she always carries a picture of her mother with her [in her wallet] sie hat immer ein Bild von ihrer Mutter [in ihrer Brieftasche] bei sich

6. (retain)

to \carry sth in one's head etw [im Kopf] behalten

to \carry the memory of sth [with one] etw in Erinnerung behalten

7. (have, incur)

▪ to \carry sth etw haben; (have printed on) etw tragen

murder used to \carry the death penalty auf Mord stand früher die Todesstrafe

all cigarette packets \carry a warning auf allen Zigarettenpäckchen steht eine Warnung

to \carry conviction überzeugend sein

his speech carried a lot of conviction seine Rede klang sehr überzeugt

to \carry insurance versichert sein

to \carry a penalty eine [Geld]strafe nach sich ziehen

to \carry responsibility Verantwortung tragen

her job carries a lot of responsibility ihre Stelle bringt viel Verantwortung mit sich, sie trägt in ihrem Job viel Verantwortung

to \carry sail NAUT Segel gesetzt haben

to \carry weight with sb (influence) Einfluss auf jdn haben; (impress) jdn beeindrucken

8. (contain)

▪ to \carry sth etw enthalten

9. MUS

to \carry a tune eine Melodie halten [können]

10. (transmit)

▪ to \carry sth etw übertragen

to \carry electricity/oil/water Strom/Erdöl/Wasser leiten

11. MED

▪ to \carry sth etw übertragen

malaria is carried by mosquitoes Malaria wird von Stechmücken übertragen

12. (support)

▪ to \carry sb für jdn aufkommen

▪ to \carry sth etw tragen; (sustain)

to \carry an animal through the winter ein Tier über den Winter bringen

the company is currently being carried by its export sales die Firma wird im Moment durch ihre Exporte getragen

we cannot afford to \carry people who don't work hard Leute, die nicht hart arbeiten, sind für uns nicht tragbar

many animals store food in autumn to \carry them through the winter viele Tier sammeln im Herbst Futter um damit durch den Winter zu kommen

13. (have a certain posture, conduct)

▪ to \carry oneself:

you can tell she's a dancer from the way that she carries herself an ihrer Haltung erkennt man gleich, dass sie Tänzerin ist

to \carry one's head high ( fig) den Kopf hoch tragen fig

to \carry oneself well sich akk gut halten; (posture also) eine gute Haltung haben

14. (sell) shop

▪ to \carry sth etw führen

15. (win)

▪ to \carry sb jdn auf seine Seite ziehen

▪ to \carry sth:

the president carried most of the southern states der Präsident gewann in den meisten südlichen Bundesstaaten die Wahl

to \carry the day den Sieg davontragen

the party's popular plans will surely \carry the day at the next election mit ihren populären Vorhaben wird die Partei die nächsten Wahlen bestimmt für sich entscheiden

16. usu passive (approve)

▪ to \carry sth etw dat zustimmen

his motion was carried unanimously/by 210 votes to 160 sein Antrag wurde einstimmig/mit 210 zu 160 Stimmen angenommen

17. JOURN

▪ to \carry sth über etw akk berichten, etw bringen fam

the newspapers all \carry the same story on their front page die Zeitungen warten alle mit der gleichen Titelstory auf

18. (develop)

to \carry sth too far mit etw dat zu weit gehen

to \carry sb's ideas further jds Ideen weiterentwickeln

▪ to \carry sth to sth etw zu etw dat führen

to \carry an argument to its [logical] conclusion ein Argument [bis zum Schluss] durchdenken

to \carry sth to an end etw zu Ende führen

to \carry sth to extremes [or its limits] etw bis zum Exzess treiben

to \carry the joke too far den Spaß zu weit treiben

19. MATH

to \carry a number (on paper) eine Zahl übertragen; (in one's head) eine Zahl [im Sinn] behalten

3, \carry 1 3, behalte 1 [o 1 im Sinn

20. (be pregnant)

to \carry a child ein Kind erwarten, schwanger sein

when I was \carrying Rajiv als ich mit Rajiv schwanger war

21. (submit)

to \carry one's complaints to sb jdm seine Beschwerden vortragen

22. FIN

to \carry interest Zinsen abwerfen

the bonds \carry interest at 10% die Wertpapiere werfen 10 % Zinsen ab

23.

▶ to \carry all before one/it (be successful) vollen Erfolg haben; ( hum: have big breasts) viel Holz vor der Hütte haben hum

▶ to have to \carry the can BRIT ( fam) die Sache ausbaden müssen fam

▶ to \carry a torch for sb ( fam) jdn anhimmeln fam

II. vi

1. (be audible) zu hören sein

the actors' voices carried right to the back die Darsteller waren bis in die letzte Reihe zu hören

2. (fly) fliegen

the ball carried high into the air der Ball flog hoch in die Luft

III. n FIN Kreditkosten pl

positive/negative \carry finanzieller Gewinn/Verlust

* * *
['krɪ]
1. vt

1) load, person, object tragen; message (über)bringen

2) (vehicle = convey) befördern; goods also transportieren

this coach carries 30 people — dieser Bus kann 30 Personen befördern

a boat carrying missiles to Cuba —

the boat was carried along by the wind — der Wind trieb das Boot dahin

the current carried them along — die Strömung trieb sie mit sich

the wind carried the sound to him — der Wind trug die Laute zu ihm hin or an sein Ohr

3) (= have on person) documents, money bei sich haben or führen (form); gun, sword tragen

to carry sth about or around with one — etw mit sich herumtragen

to carry money on one — Geld bei sich haben

to carry the facts in one's head — die Fakten im Kopf haben

the ship was carrying too much sail — das Schiff hatte zu viele Segel gesetzt

4) (fig)

his denial did not carry conviction — sein Leugnen klang nicht überzeugend

he carried his audience (along) with him — er riss das Publikum mit, er begeisterte das Publikum

to carry interest (Fin) — Zinsen tragen or abwerfen

the loan carries 5% interest — das Darlehen wird mit 5% verzinst

this job carries extra pay/a lot of responsibility — dieser Posten bringt eine höhere Bezahlung/viel Verantwortung mit sich

the offence carries a penalty of £50 — auf dies Vergehen or darauf steht eine Geldstrafe von £ 50

5) (bridge etc = support) tragen, stützen

6) (COMM) goods, stock führen, (auf Lager) haben

7) (TECH pipe) water, oil, electricity führen; (wire) sound (weiter)leiten, übertragen

8) (= extend) führen, (ver)legen

they carried the pipes under the street — sie verlegten die Rohre unter der Straße

to carry sth too far (fig) — etw zu weit treiben

they carried the war into the enemy's territory — sie trugen den Krieg in feindliches Gebiet

this theme is carried through the whole book — dies Thema zieht sich durch das ganze Buch

9) (= win) einnehmen, erobern

to carry the day —

to carry all before one ( hum woman ) —, woman ) viel Holz vor der Tür haben (inf)

the motion was carried unanimously —

he carried his point — er ist mit diesem Punkt durchgekommen

he carried all seven states — er hat die Wahl in allen sieben Staaten gewonnen

10)

he carries himself well/like a soldier — er hat eine gute/soldatische Haltung

he carries himself with dignity — er tritt würdig auf

she carries her head very erect — sie trägt den Kopf sehr aufrecht

11) (PRESS) story, photo bringen

12) (MED)

people carrying the AIDS virus — Menschen, die das Aidsvirus in sich (dat) tragen

13) (= be pregnant with) erwarten, schwanger gehen mit (geh)

to be carrying a child — schwanger sein, ein Kind erwarten

14) (MATH)

... and carry 2 —... übertrage or behalte 2,... und 2 im Sinn (inf)

2. vi

1) (voice, sound) tragen

the sound of the alphorn carried for miles — der Klang des Alphorns war meilenweit zu hören

2) (ball, arrow) fliegen

* * *

carry [ˈkærı]

A s

1. Trag-, Schussweite f

2. Golf: Flugstrecke f (des Balls)

3. US → portage A 3

B v/t

1. tragen:

carry sth in one’s hand;

he carried his jacket er trug seine Jacke (über dem Arm);

she lost the baby she was carrying sie verlor das Kind, das sie unter dem Herzen trug;

pillars carrying an arch bogentragende Pfeiler;

carry one’s head high den Kopf hoch tragen;

carry o.s. well

a) sich gut halten,

b) sich gut benehmen;

carry a disease eine Krankheit weitertragen oder verbreiten;

carry sails SCHIFF Segel führen;

he knows how to carry his liquor er kann eine Menge (Alkohol) vertragen;

he can’t carry his liquor er verträgt nichts;

as fast as his legs could carry him so schnell ihn seine Beine trugen;

carry all ( oder everything) before one

a) auf der ganzen Linie siegen oder erfolgreich sein,

b) hum viel Holz vor der Hütte (einen großen Busen) haben;

they carry the British hopes sie tragen oder auf ihnen ruhen die britischen Hoffnungen

2. fig tragen, (unter)stützen

3. bringen, tragen, führen, schaffen, befördern:

a taxi carried me to the station ein Taxi brachte mich zum Bahnhof;

carry mail BAHN Post befördern;

the pipes carry water die Rohre führen Wasser; → coal A 4

4. eine Nachricht etc (über)bringen:

he carried his complaint to the manager er trug seine Beschwerde dem Geschäftsführer vor

5. mitführen, mit sich oder bei sich tragen:

carry a watch eine Uhr tragen oder haben;

carry sth in one’s head fig etwas im Kopf haben oder behalten;

carry sth with one fig etwas im Geiste mit sich herumtragen

6. fig (an sich oder zum Inhalt) haben:

carry conviction überzeugen(d sein oder klingen);

carry a moral eine Moral (zum Inhalt) haben;

carry no risk mit keinem Risiko verbunden sein;

carry (a lot of) weight ( oder authority) Gewicht oder Bedeutung haben, viel gelten ( with bei);

this does not carry any weight with him das beeindruckt ihn nicht im Mindesten

7. fig nach sich ziehen, zur Folge haben:

treason carries the death penalty auf Hochverrat steht die Todesstrafe;

carry consequences Folgen haben

8. weiterführen, (hindurch-, hinauf- etc)führen, eine Hecke, Mauer, etc ziehen:

carry the chimney through the roof den Schornstein durch das Dach führen

9. fig fortreißen, überwältigen:

carry the audience with one die Zuhörer mitreißen;

carry sb to victory SPORT jemanden zum Sieg treiben

10. fig treiben:

carry sth too far ( oder to excess) etwas übertreiben oder zu weit treiben;

carry it with a high hand gebieterisch auftreten

11. fig

a) erreichen, durchsetzen:

carry sth into effect etwas verwirklichen oder ausführen; → point A 22

b) PARL einen Antrag etc durchbringen:

carry a motion unanimously einen Antrag einstimmig annehmen;

the motion was carried der Antrag ging durch

12. fig

a) einen Preis etc erlangen, erringen, gewinnen

b) siegreich oder erfolgreich aus einer Wahl etc hervorgehen; → day Bes Redew

c) MIL eine Festung etc (ein)nehmen, erobern

13. Früchte etc tragen, hervorbringen

14. Mineralien etc führen, enthalten

15. tragen, unterhalten, ernähren:

the country cannot carry such a population

16. einen Bericht etc bringen:

this newspaper carries no weather forecast;

the press carried the statement without comment die Presse brachte oder veröffentlichte die Erklärung kommentarlos

17. WIRTSCH

a) eine Ware führen

b) eine Schuld etc in den Büchern führen

c) Zinsen tragen: → interest A 11

d) eine Versicherung etc zahlen:

carry insurance versichert sein

18. JAGD die Spur festhalten (Hund)

19. MUS einen Ton, eine Melodie tragen

C v/i

1. tragen ( auch MUS Ton, Stimme)

2. den Kopf gut etc halten (Pferd):

the horse carries well

3. tragen, reichen (Stimme, Schusswaffe etc):

his voice carries far seine Stimme trägt weit

4. sich gut etc tragen lassen

5. fliegen (Ball etc)

6. besonders US Anklang finden, einschlagen umg (Kunstwerk etc)

* * *
1. transitive verb
1) (transport) tragen; (with emphasis on destination) bringen; [Strom:] spülen; [Verkehrsmittel:] befördern

carry all before one — (fig.) nicht aufzuhalten sein

2) (conduct) leiten

carry something into effect — etwas in die Tat umsetzen

3) (support) tragen; (contain) fassen

carry responsibility — Verantwortung tragen

4) (have with one)

carry [with one] — bei sich haben od. tragen; tragen [Waffe, Kennzeichen]

5) (possess) besitzen [Autorität, Gewicht]; see also conviction 2)

6) (hold)

she carries herself well — sie hat eine gute Haltung

7) (prolong)

carry modesty/altruism etc. to excess — die Bescheidenheit/den Altruismus usw. bis zum Exzess treiben

carry things to extremes — die Dinge auf die Spitze treiben

8) (Math.): (transfer) im Sinn behalten

carry one — eins im Sinn

9) (win) durchbringen [Antrag, Gesetzentwurf, Vorschlag]

the motion is carried — der Antrag ist angenommen

carry one's audience with one — das Publikum überzeugen

carry the day — den Sieg davontragen
2. intransitive verb
[Stimme, Laut:] zu hören sein

Phrasal Verbs:

- carry away

- carry back

- carry forward

- carry off

- carry on

- carry out

- carry over

- carry through

* * *

v.

befördern v.

tragen v.

(§ p.,pp.: trug, getragen)

übertragen v.

English-german dictionary > carry
13 carry

carry ['kærɪ]

porter ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (c)-(e), 1 (h), 1 (i), 2 transporter ⇒ 1 (b) transmettre ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (c), 1 (f) adopter ⇒ 1 (k) vendre ⇒ 1 (l) retenir ⇒ 1 (m)

(pt & pp carried)

1 transitive verb

(a) (bear → of person) porter; (→ heavy load) porter, transporter;

∎ she carried her baby on her back/in her arms elle portait son enfant sur son dos/dans ses bras;

∎ they carried the equipment across the bridge ils ont porté le matériel de l'autre côté du pont;

∎ could you carry the groceries into the kitchen? pourrais-tu porter les provisions jusqu'à la cuisine?;

∎ the porter carried the suitcases downstairs/upstairs le porteur a descendu/monté les bagages

(b) (convey, transport → of vehicle) transporter; (→ of river, wind) porter, emporter; (→ of pipe) acheminer, amener; (→ of airwaves, telephone wire) transmettre, conduire;

∎ she ran as fast as her legs would carry her elle a couru à toutes jambes;

∎ the current carried the raft out to sea le courant a emporté le radeau au large;

∎ she carries all the facts in her head elle a tous les faits en mémoire;

∎ he carried the secret to his grave il a emporté le secret dans la tombe;

∎ to carry a tune chanter juste;

∎ figurative to carry coals to Newcastle porter de l'eau à la rivière

(c) (be medium for → message, news) porter, transmettre; Medicine (→ disease, virus) porter;

∎ rats carry diseases les rats sont porteurs de maladies

(d) (have on one's person → identity card, papers) porter, avoir (sur soi); (→ cash) avoir (sur soi); (→ gun) porter;

∎ I don't carry much money about or on me je n'ai jamais beaucoup d'argent sur moi

(e) (comprise, include) porter, comporter; (have as consequence) entraîner;

∎ to carry a risk comporter un risque;

∎ to carry responsibility comporter des responsabilités;

∎ our products carry a 6-month warranty nos produits sont accompagnés d'une garantie de 6 mois;

∎ the crime carries a long sentence ce crime est passible d'une longue peine;

∎ to carry weight/authority (of person, opinion) avoir du poids/de l'autorité

(f) (of magazine, newspaper) rapporter; (of radio, television) transmettre;

∎ all the newspapers carried the story l'histoire était dans tous les journaux;

∎ the banners carried anti-government slogans les bannières portaient des slogans anti-gouvernementaux

(g) (take, lead, extend)

∎ to carry an argument to its logical conclusion aller au bout d'un raisonnement;

∎ to carry sth too far pousser qch trop loin;

∎ Military to carry the battle or fight into the enemy's camp faire du territoire ennemi le lieu du conflit; figurative attaquer l'ennemi sur son propre terrain

(h) (bear, hold) porter;

∎ to carry oneself well (sit, stand) se tenir droit; (behave) bien se conduire ou se tenir;

∎ to carry one's head high porter la tête haute

(i) (hold up, support → roof, weight) porter, supporter, soutenir;

∎ also figurative to carry a heavy load porter un lourd fardeau

(j) (win)

∎ she carried the audience with her le public était avec elle;

∎ he carried all before him ce fut un triomphe pour lui;

∎ to carry the day l'emporter

(k) (proposal → pass) adopter; (→ secure passage of) faire adopter ou passer;

∎ the motion was carried la motion a été votée

(l) Commerce (deal in → stock) vendre, stocker

(m) Mathematics retenir;

∎ add nine and carry one ajoute neuf et retiens un

(n) (be pregnant with) attendre;

∎ she's carrying their fourth child elle est enceinte de leur quatrième enfant

2 intransitive verb

(ball, sound) porter

➲ carry away separable transitive verb

(a) (remove) emporter, enlever; (of waves, wind) emporter

(b) (usu passive) (excite) he was carried away by his enthusiasm/imagination il s'est laissé emporter par son enthousiasme/imagination;

∎ I got a bit carried away and spent all my money je me suis emballé et j'ai dépensé tout mon argent;

∎ don't get too carried away! du calme!, ne t'emballe pas!

➲ carry back separable transitive verb

(a) (bring → object) rapporter; (→ person) ramener

(b) (take → object) reporter; (→ person) remmener;

∎ that carries me back to my youth cela me ramène à l'époque de ma jeunesse

➲ carry down separable transitive verb

(a) (from upstairs) descendre

(b) (usu passive) (tradition) transmettre

➲ carry forward separable transitive verb

Accountancy reporter;

∎ carried forward report, à reporter;

∎ carried forward from the previous year report de l'exercice précédent;

∎ carried forward to the next year report à l'exercice suivant

➲ carry off separable transitive verb

(a) (remove forcibly → goods) emporter, enlever; (→ person) enlever;

∎ the thieves carried off all their jewellery les voleurs se sont enfuis avec tous leurs bijoux

(b) (award, prize) remporter

(c) (do successfully → aim, plan) réaliser; (→ deal, meeting) mener à bien;

∎ to carry it off réussir le coup;

∎ she carried it off beautifully elle s'en est très bien tirée

(d) euphemism (kill → of disease) emporter;

∎ hundreds were carried off by the epidemic des centaines de personnes ont été emportées par l'épidémie

➲ carry on

1 intransitive verb

(a) British (continue) continuer;

∎ I carried on working or with my work j'ai continué à travailler, j'ai continué mon travail;

∎ they carried on to the bitter end ils sont allés jusqu'au bout

(b) familiar (make a fuss) faire une histoire ou des histoires;

∎ the way you carry on, you'd think I never did anything around the house à t'entendre, je n'ai jamais rien fait dans cette maison

(c) familiar (have affair)

∎ to carry on with sb avoir une liaison^□ avec qn;

∎ he's carrying on with somebody else's wife il a une liaison avec ou il couche avec la femme d'un autre;

∎ "Carry On" films = série de comédies britanniques des années 60 et 70 dont le titre commence toujours par "Carry On", célèbres pour leur humour plein de sous-entendus grivois

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) British (continue → conversation, work) continuer, poursuivre; (→ tradition) entretenir, perpétuer;

∎ we can carry on this conversation later nous pourrons poursuivre ou reprendre cette conversation plus tard

(b) (conduct → work) effectuer, réaliser; (→ negotiations) mener; (→ discussion) avoir; (→ correspondence) entretenir

➲ carry out separable transitive verb

(a) (take away) emporter

(b) (perform → programme, raid) effectuer; (→ idea, plan) réaliser, mettre à exécution; (→ experiment) effectuer, conduire; (→ investigation, research, survey) conduire, mener; (→ instruction, order) exécuter;

∎ the police carried out a search (of house, premises) la police a effectué une perquisition

(c) (fulfil → obligation) s'acquitter de; (→ wish) satisfaire à; (→ responsibilities) assumer;

∎ he failed to carry out his promise il a manqué à sa parole, il n'a pas tenu ou respecté sa promesse;

∎ to carry out one's (professional) duties s'acquitter de ses fonctions

➲ carry over separable transitive verb

(a) (transport) faire traverser; figurative (transfer) reporter, transférer

(b) (defer, postpone) reporter;

∎ to carry over one's holiday entitlement/tax allowance to the next year reporter ses congés/son abattement fiscal sur l'année suivante

(c) Accountancy reporter;

∎ to carry over a loss to the following year reporter une perte sur l'année suivante

(d) Stock Exchange (shares) reporter, prendre en report

(e) Commerce

∎ to carry over goods from one season to another stocker des marchandises d'une saison sur l'autre

➲ carry through separable transitive verb

(a) (accomplish) réaliser, mener à bien ou à bonne fin

(b) (support) soutenir (dans une épreuve);

∎ her love of life carried her through her illness sa volonté de vivre lui a permis de vaincre sa maladie

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > carry
14 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

back to top

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

back to top

Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

back to top

Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 5
"
GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
"
————————————————————————————————————————

Page 6

GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 7

GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 8

64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
15 carry away

transitive verb

forttragen; (by force) fortreißen; (fig.)

be or get carried away — (be inspired) hingerissen sein (by von); (lose self-control) sich hinreißen lassen

* * *

◆ carry away

vt

1. (take away)

▪ to \carry away sth ⇆ away etw wegtragen [o forttragen]; current etw wegtreiben [o forttreiben], etw wegspülen [o fortspülen]; storm, torrent etw [mit sich] fortreißen

2. usu passive

▪ to be carried away [by sth] (be overcome by) sich akk [von etw dat] mitreißen lassen; (be enchanted by) [von etw dat] hingerissen sein

3. usu passive (overdo)

to get carried away [with sth] es [mit etw dat] übertreiben

don't get carried away! ( fam) jetzt übertreib mal nicht! fam

I got rather carried away with buying presents ich war beim Geschenkekaufen nicht zu bremsen

* * *

vt sep

1) (lit) (hin)wegtragen; (torrent, flood) (hin)wegspülen; (whirlwind, tornado) hinwegfegen

2) (fig)

to get carried away — sich nicht mehr bremsen können (inf)

don't get carried away! — übertreibs nicht!, brems dich (inf)

to get carried away by sth — bei etw in Fahrt kommen

to be carried away by one's feelings — sich ( in seine Gefühle) hineinsteigern

don't get carried away by your success —

she got carried away by all the excitement — sie wurde von all der Aufregung mitgerissen

she got carried away with excitement — sie war vor Aufregung ganz aus dem Häuschen (inf)

* * *

carry away v/t

1. weg-, forttragen, -schaffen

2. wegreißen (Sturm etc), (Flut etc auch) wegspülen

3. fig mitreißen:

get carried away in Verzückung geraten

4. get carried away fig die Kontrolle über sich verlieren

* * *

transitive verb

forttragen; (by force) fortreißen; (fig.)

be or get carried away — (be inspired) hingerissen sein (by von); (lose self-control) sich hinreißen lassen

* * *

v.

davontragen v.

mitreißen v.

English-german dictionary > carry away
16 corrective maintenance
внеплановое техническое обслуживание
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики
- энергетика в целом
EN
восстановительное техническое обслуживание
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]

Тематики
- нефтегазовая промышленность
EN
- corrective maintenance
корректирующее обслуживание
—
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]

Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
- corrective maintenance
корректирующее техническое обслуживание
корректирующее ТО
Техническое обслуживание, проводимое после обнаружения отказа с целью возвращения объекта в работоспособное состояние.
[ОСТ 45.152-99 ]

EN

corrective maintenance
Maintenance actions carried out to restore a defective item to a specified condition.
[Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. US Department of Defense 2005]
Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Maintenance is the combination of all technical and administrative measures intended to keep equipment in, or restore it to a state in which it can required function.

Maintenance comprises:
- scheduled maintenance carried out in accordance with an established schedule and as a function of the number of operating cycles,
- corrective maintenance carried out after fault recognition and intended to put an item into a state in which it can perform a required function.
[Siemens]

Техническое обслуживание представляет собой сочетание технических и административных мер, направленных на поддержание оборудования в исправном состоянии, обеспечивающим выполнение заданных функций.
Техническое обслуживание включает в себя:
- плановое техническое, обслуживание, выполняемое в соответствии с установленным графиком в зависимости от числа выполненных коммутационных циклов,
- корректирующее техническое обслуживание, выполняемое после обнаружения отказа с целью возвращения КРУЭ в работоспособное состояние.
[Перевод Интент]

Тематики
- тех. обсл. и ремонт средств электросвязи
Обобщающие термины
- виды технического обслуживания и ремонта
Синонимы
- корректирующее ТО
EN
- corrective maintenance
текущий ремонт
Ремонт, состоящий в замене и/или восстановлении отдельных составных частей.
Примечание
Текущий ремонт является неплановым техническим обслуживанием, постановка объектов на который осуществляется без предварительного назначения и который проводится на месте эксплуатации.
[ОСТ 45.152-99]

текущий ремонт
Ремонт, выполняемый для обеспечения или восстановления работоспособности изделия и состоящий в замене и (или) восстановлении отдельных частей
[ ГОСТ 18322-78]
[СТО Газпром РД 2.5-141-2005]

текущий ремонт
Ндп. малый ремонт
мелкий ремонт
Ремонт, выполняемый для обеспечения или восстановления работоспособности изделия и состоящий в замене и (или) восстановлении отдельных частей.
Примечание. Капитальный, средний и текущий ремонты могут быть плановыми и неплановыми.
Под базовой частью понимают основную часть изделия, предназначенную для его компоновки и установки других составных частей.
[ ГОСТ 18322-78]

Недопустимые, нерекомендуемые
- малый ремонт
- мелкий ремонт
Тематики
- газораспределение
- система техн. обслуж. и ремонта техники
- тех. обсл. и ремонт средств электросвязи
Обобщающие термины
- виды технического обслуживания и ремонта
EN
техническое обслуживание
Ндп. профилактическое обслуживание
технический уход
техническое содержание
По ГОСТ 18322-78
[ ГОСТ 20375-83]

техническое обслуживание
Ндп. профилактическое обслуживание
технический уход
Комплекс операций или операция по поддержанию работоспособности или исправности изделия при использовании по назначению, ожидании, хранении и транспортировании

Техническое обслуживание содержит регламентированные в конструкторской документации операции для поддержания работоспособности или исправности изделия в течение его срока службы.
Под операцией технического обслуживания в соответствии с ГОСТ 3.1109-82 понимают законченную часть технического обслуживания составной части изделия, выполняемую на одном рабочем месте исполнителем определенной специальности.
Под транспортированием понимают операцию перемещения груза по определенному маршруту от места погрузки до места разгрузки или перегрузки. В транспортирование самоходных изделий не включается их перемещение своим ходом.
Под ожиданием понимают нахождение изделия в состоянии готовности к использованию по назначению.
В техническое обслуживание могут входить мойка изделия, контроль его технического состояния, очистка, смазывание, крепление болтовых соединений, замена некоторых составных частей изделия (например, фильтрующих элементов), регулировка и т. д.
[ ГОСТ 18322-78]
[ПОТ Р М-016-2001]
[РД 153-34.0-03.150-00]

техническое обслуживание
Комплекс операций или операция по поддержанию работоспособности или исправности изделия (технического устройства) при использовании по назначению, ожидании, хранении и транспортировании
[ПБ 12-529-03 Правила безопасности систем газораспределения и газопотребления, утверждены постановлением Госгортехнадзора России от 18. 03. 2003 №9]
[СТО Газпром РД 2.5-141-2005]

Недопустимые, нерекомендуемые
Тематики
- газораспределение
- система техн. обслуж. и ремонта техники
- электроагрегаты генераторные
- электробезопасность
EN
DE
- Wartung
техническое обслуживание с устранением неисправностей
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики
- энергетика в целом
EN
- corrective maintenance
- CM
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > corrective maintenance
17 carry

1. II
carry in some manner

1) the sound (the report of the guns, etc.) carried far звук и т. д. был слышен /разносился/ далеко; these guns won't carry so far эти орудия так далеко не бьют; this gun carried as far as the enemy ships снаряды из этого орудия долетали до кораблей неприятеля

2) carry well хорошо переносить перевозку; delicate plants (ripe fruit, these wines, vegetables, etc.) will not carry well нежные растения и т. д. портятся при перевозке
2. III
1) carry smth., smb. carry one's books (a baby, a bunch of flowers, etc.) нести книги и т. д.; carry heavy loads (bags with sand, bundles of books, etc.) носить /таскать/ тяжелый груз и т. д.; carry passengers возить /перевозить/ пассажиров; the horse carries its rider лошадь несет всадника; run as fast as one's legs can carry one бежать со всех ног; the wires carry sound (current, etc.) звук и т. д. идет /передается/ по проводам; а boat (the lift, smb.'s car, etc.) carries only seven people лодка и т. д. рассчитана на /берет, вмещает/ только семь человек; railways and ships carry goods железные дороги и пароходы перевозят грузы; how much weight does the bridge -? на какую нагрузку рассчитан этот мост?

2) carry smth. carry a purse (keys, a walking-stick, an umbrella, field-glasses, a camera, etc.) носить с собой кошелек и т. д., ходить с кошельком и т. д.; carry a gun (arms, a sword, a knife, a dagger, etc.) носить при себе ружье и т. д., быть вооруженным ружьем и т.д.; the ship carries guns корабль вооружен пушками; the ship carries sails корабль оснащен парусами

3) carry smth. carry information (a message, new ideas, etc.) содержать сведения и т. д.',carry sense /meaning, content/ иметь смысл; the book (the article, the magazine, etc.) carries tables (diagrams, figures, etc.) в книге и т. д. приводятся таблицы и т. д., the papers carry weather reports (a large amount of advertising, etc.) газеты помещают сводки погоды и т. д; the journal carries a financial page в журнале имеется /есть/ страничка, посвященная новостям в финансовых сферах; the, papers carry reports of the attack газеты сообщают /в газетах есть сообщения/ об этом нападении

4) carry smb. carry the audience (the people, the house, etc.) захватить, увлечь аудиторию / публику/ и т. д.; his speech carried the crowd толпа была воодушевлена его речью

5) carry smth. carry the motion (the decision, the resolution, the bill, etc.) принимать предложение и т. д. || carry the elections одержать победу на выборах

6) carry smth. carry hats (clothing for men, a nice line in stockings, etc.) иметь шляпы и т. д. в ассортименте, торговать шляпами и т. д.; do you carry men's shirts? у вас продаются мужские рубашки?

7) carry smth. columns (pillars, piers, beams, etc.) carry the roof (the arch, the weight of the construction, etc.) колонны и т. д. несут крышу/служат опорой крыши/ и т. д.

8) carry smth. carry authority (conviction) быть авторитетным (убедительным); his word carries great weight его слово имеет большой вес; this decision carries serious consequences это решение повлечет за собой серьезные последствия; you will carry the whole responsibility вы будете нести всю ответственность

9) carry hay (corn) убирать сено (хлеб)
3. IV
1) carry smb., smth. somewhere carry the wounded men (the branches, the treasures, etc.) away уносить /увозить/ раненых и т. д.; carry away pleasant recollections /memories/ уносить /увозить/ с собой приятные воспоминания; carry death and destruction everywhere нести /сеять/ повсюду смерть и разрушение; the wind carried the music here ветер доносил до нас мелодию; carry smb., smth. back приносить /привозить/ кого-л., что-л. обратно; carry smb., smth. in вносить кого-л., что-л.

2) carry smth. somewhere carry a joke (an argument, a dispute, a quarrel, etc.) too far заходить в шутке и т. д. слишком далеко

3) carry smth. in some manner carry one's head high высоко держать голову; carry one's age (one's [eighty] etc, years) well хорошо выглядеть /держаться/ для своих [восьмидесяти] и т. д. лет id he knows how to carry his liquor он умеет пить не пьянея

4) || carry smb. far хватать кому-л. надолго; а can of petrol (the money, the food you have, etc.) will not carry you far канистры бензина и т. д. вам хватит ненадолго
4. V
1) carry smb. smth. carry father the book he asked for (mother a glass of milk, etc.) относить книгу отцу и т. д.

2) carry smb. some distance the horse (the bicycle, the car, etc.) carried me (him, etc.) 50 miles и т. д. проехал на лошади и т. д. пятьдесят миль
5. XI
be carried somewhere several passengers (deckchairs, etc.) were carried away нескольких пассажиров и т. д. снесло /смыло/ (волной); be carried somewhere by smth. several houses were carried away by the swollen river разлившаяся /вышедшая из берегов/ река унесла несколько домов
6. XVI
carry to (through, beyond) smth his voice carried to the back of the audience hall (through the passage, etc.) его голос был слышен в самом конце зала и т. д; his voice did not carry beyond the first rows его было слышно только в первых рядах
7. XVIII
carry oneself in some manner carry oneself with dignity (proudly, badly, defiantly, like a soldier, etc.) держаться с достоинством и т. д.; she carries herself very well у нее великолепная осанка
8. XXI1
1) carry smb., smth. across (along, over) smth. carry a baby across the river (the girl over the threshold, etc.) перенести ребенка через реку и т. д.; carry one's eye along the line пробегать строку глазами /взглядом/: carry smth., smb. in (on) smth. carry a bag in one's hand (a bundle in one's arms, a pass in the pocket, a baby -in one's arms, a basket on one's back, a box on one's shoulder, a water jug on one's head, etc.) носить /таскать/ сумку в руке и т. д.; he carried the mark on his face all his life у него на лице остался след на всю жизнь; carry smth., smb. into smth. carry plates into the kitchen (chairs into the house, etc.) относить тарелки на кухню и т. д.; carry the war into Africa (into the enemy's country, etc.) перевести войну в Африку и т. д; the book carries us into the scenes of domestic lives книга переносит нас в домашнюю обстановку /в круг семьи/; carry smth., smb. to smth., smb. carry letters and parcels to the post office (a book to father, an apple to a child, etc.) относить письма и посылки на почту и т. д.; business carried him to London дела привели его в Лондон; the pipes carry water to the house вода идет в дом по трубам; I shall carry the memory of it with me to the grave я пронесу это воспоминание через всю жизнь; carry the case to a higher court передавать дело в высшую судебную инстанцию

2) carry smth. round (through, under) smth. carry the fence right round the field обнести все поле забором; carry the chimney through the roof выводить трубу через крышу; carry pipes under a street прокладывать трубы под улицей; carry smth. to (into) smth. carry the tower to 500 feet довести высоту башни до пятисот футов; carry the road into the mountains провести дорогу в горы; carry the work to completion (modesty to excess, one's principles to extreme, the argument to its logical conclusion, etc.) доводить работу до конца /до завершения/ и т. д.

3) carry smb. with smb. carry the people (the public, the audience, the crowd, the soldiers, etc.) with one увлечь /повести/ людей и т. д. за собой

4) || carry smth. with it влечь за собой; this post carries a higher pay with it эта должность выше оплачивается; promotion carries higher wages with it повышение по службе предполагает увеличение зарплаты

5) carry smth. by smth. carry the motion (the bill, the resolution, etc.) by a small majority (by a majority of five, etc.) проводить /принимать/ предложение и т. д. незначительным большинством [ голосов] и т. д.

English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > carry
18 carry

carry

A n ( range) portée f.

B vtr

1 [person, animal] porter [bag, shopping, load, news, message] (in dans ; on sur) ; to carry sth up/down porter qch en haut/en bas ; to carry sth in/out apporter/emporter qch ; to carry the bags over the road traverser la route en portant les bagages ; to carry the child across the river porter l'enfant pour traverser la rivière ; to carry cash/a gun avoir de l'argent liquide/un revolver sur soi ; to carry a memory/a picture in one's mind avoir un sentiment/une image toujours en tête ; to carry sth too far fig pousser qch trop loin ; we can't afford to carry anyone fig nous ne pouvons pas nous permettre de traîner des poids morts ;

2 [vehicle, pipe, wire, vein] transporter ; [wind, tide, current, stream] emporter ; licensed to carry passengers autorisé à transporter des passagers ; to be carried on the wind être porté or transporté par le vent ; to be carried along by the tide être poussé par la marée ; the wind carried the ash towards the town le vent a transporté les cendres vers la ville ; to carry sth off ou away emporter qch ; to carry sb off ou away emmener qn ; to carry sth/sb back ramener qch/qn ; to carry one's audience with one avoir son public derrière soi ; his quest carried him to India sa quête l'a amené en Inde ; her talent will carry her a long way son talent la mènera loin ; to be carried along with the general enthusiasm être emporté par l'enthousiasme général ;

3 ( feature) comporter [warning, guarantee, review, report] ; porter [symbol, label] ; ‘The Gazette’ will carry the ad ‘La Gazette’ publiera l'annonce ;

4 ( entail) comporter [risk, danger, responsibility] ; être passible de [penalty, fine] ; to carry conviction être convaincant ;

5 (bear, support) [bridge, road] supporter [weight, load, traffic] ; the field will not carry that herd/crop le champ ne convient pas à ce troupeau/cette culture ;

6 Mil, Pol ( win) l'emporter dans [state, region, constituency] ; remporter [battle, match] ; faire voter [bill, amendment] ; the motion was carried by 20 votes to 13 la motion l'a emporté par 20 votes contre 13 ; to carry all before one/it [person, argument] l'emporter haut la main ;

7 Med être porteur/-euse de [disease] ; she is carrying the HIV virus elle est porteuse du virus VIH ;

8 ( be pregnant with) [woman] être enceinte de [boy, girl, twins] ; [female animal] porter [young] ; she is carrying a child elle est enceinte ; I am carrying his child je porte son enfant ;

9 Comm (stock, sell) faire [item, brand] ; we carry a wide range of nous offrons un grand choix de ;

10 (hold, bear) ( permanently) porter [tail, head] ; he was carrying his arm awkwardly il se tenait le bras de façon curieuse ;

11 Math retenir [one, two].

C vi [sound, voice] porter ; to carry well porter bien ; the noise carried (for) several kilometres le bruit a porté à plusieurs kilomètres.

D v refl to carry oneself se tenir (like comme ; with avec).

Idioms

to be carried away by sth être emballé ○ par qch ; to get carried away ○ s'emballer ○, se laisser emporter.

Phrasal verbs

■ carry back:

▶ carry back [sth], carry [sth] back Tax reporter [qch] en arrière [sum, loss] ;

▶ carry [sb] back ( in memory) ramener [person] (to à).

■ carry forward:

▶ carry forward [sth], carry [sth] forward

1 Accts reporter [balance, total, sum] ;

2 Tax reporter [qch] en avant [sum, loss].

■ carry off:

▶ carry off [sth] remporter [prize, medal] ; to carry it off ○ ( succeed) réussir, y arriver ;

▶ carry off [sb], carry [sb] off [illness, disease] emporter [person, animal].

■ carry on:

▶ carry on

1 ( continue) continuer (doing à faire) ; carry on! continue! ; to carry on down ou along the road ( in car) continuer la route ; ( on foot) poursuivre son chemin ; if it carries on like this si ça continue comme ça ; to carry on as if nothing had happened continuer comme si de rien n'était ; to carry on with sth continuer or poursuivre qch ;

2 ○ ( behave) se conduire ; that's no way to carry on ce n'est pas une façon de se conduire ; to carry on as if se conduire comme si ;

3 ○ ( have affair) fricoter ○, avoir une liaison (with avec) ;

4 ○ (talk, go on) jacasser ○ ; to carry on about sth déblatérer ○ sur qch ;

▶ carry on [sth]

1 ( conduct) conduire [business, trade] ; entretenir [correspondence] ; mener [conversation, negotiations, normal life] ;

2 ( continue) maintenir [tradition, custom] ; reprendre [family firm] ; poursuivre [activity, discussion].

■ carry out:

▶ carry out [sth], carry [sth] out réaliser [plan, experiment, study, audit, reform, robbery] ; effectuer [raid, attack, operation, repairs] ; exécuter [orders, punishment, recommendations, restoration] ; mener [investigation, campaign] ; accomplir [execution, killing] ; remplir [duties, function, mission] ; mettre [qch] à exécution [threat] ; tenir [promise].

■ carry over:

▶ carry over into [problem, attitude, rivalry] s'étendre à [area of activity, personal life] ;

▶ carry sth over into transférer qch dans [private life, area of activity, adulthood] ;

▶ carry over [sth], carry [sth] over

1 gen to be carried over from [custom, habit, feeling] remonter à [period, childhood] ; an item carried over from the last meeting un point laissé en attente à la dernière réunion ;

2 Fin ( on stock exchange) reporter [debt] ;

3 Accts, Tax = carry forward.

■ carry through:

▶ carry through [sth], carry [sth] through mener [qch] à bien [reform, policy, task] ;

▶ carry [sb] through [humour, courage] soutenir [person] ; [instincts] guider [person].

Big English-French dictionary > carry
19 drift

I [drɪft]
nome

1) (flow, movement)

the drift of the current — il moto o il movimento della corrente

the drift of events — fig. il corso degli eventi

the drift from the land — la fuga o l'esodo dalle campagne

the slow drift of strikers back to work — il lento ritorno al lavoro degli scioperanti

2) (of ship, plane) deriva f.

3) (mass) (of snow, leaves, sand) cumulo m., mucchio m.; (of smoke, mist) nuvola f.

4) (general meaning) senso m. generale, tenore m.

I don't catch o follow your drift — non capisco dove vuoi arrivare
II [drɪft]
verbo intransitivo

1) (be carried by tide, current) [ boat] essere trasportato dalla corrente, andare alla deriva; (by wind) [ balloon] andare, volare alla deriva; [smoke, fog] essere trasportato dal vento

to drift out to sea — lasciarsi trasportare al largo

2) (pile up) [snow, leaves] accumularsi, ammucchiarsi

3)

to drift along — [ person] bighellonare; fig. andare avanti senza preoccuparsi

to drift around o about the house gironzolare per casa; to drift from job to job passare da un lavoro all'altro; the country is drifting towards war — il paese sta scivolando verso la guerra

•

- drift apart

- drift off

* * *
[drift] 1. noun
1) (a heap of something driven together, especially snow: His car stuck in a snowdrift.) mucchio, cumulo

2) (the direction in which something is going; the general meaning: I couldn't hear you clearly, but I did catch the drift of what you said.) senso
2. verb
1) (to (cause to) float or be blown along: Sand drifted across the road; The boat drifted down the river.) trasportare, lasciarsi trasportare

2) ((of people) to wander or live aimlessly: She drifted from job to job.) spostarsi

•

- drifter
- driftwood
* * *
I [drɪft]
nome

1) (flow, movement)

the drift of the current — il moto o il movimento della corrente

the drift of events — fig. il corso degli eventi

the drift from the land — la fuga o l'esodo dalle campagne

the slow drift of strikers back to work — il lento ritorno al lavoro degli scioperanti

2) (of ship, plane) deriva f.

3) (mass) (of snow, leaves, sand) cumulo m., mucchio m.; (of smoke, mist) nuvola f.

4) (general meaning) senso m. generale, tenore m.

I don't catch o follow your drift — non capisco dove vuoi arrivare
II [drɪft]
verbo intransitivo

1) (be carried by tide, current) [ boat] essere trasportato dalla corrente, andare alla deriva; (by wind) [ balloon] andare, volare alla deriva; [smoke, fog] essere trasportato dal vento

to drift out to sea — lasciarsi trasportare al largo

2) (pile up) [snow, leaves] accumularsi, ammucchiarsi

3)

to drift along — [ person] bighellonare; fig. andare avanti senza preoccuparsi

to drift around o about the house gironzolare per casa; to drift from job to job passare da un lavoro all'altro; the country is drifting towards war — il paese sta scivolando verso la guerra

•

- drift apart

- drift off

English-Italian dictionary > drift
20 balance

1. n

1) баланс; сальдо; остаток

2) баланс компании или банка

3) равновесие

4) весы

- account balance
- accumulated balances
- active balance
- actual balance
- adverse balance
- adverse balance of payments
- annual balance
- audited balance
- available balance
- average balance
- bank balance
- basic balance
- beginning balance
- blocked balance
- book balance
- brought forward balance
- budgetary balance
- capital and credit balance
- capital flow balance
- carried forward balance
- cash balance
- cash balances held in the bank
- cleared balance
- clearing balance
- closing balance
- commodity balance
- compensating balance
- compensatory balance
- conversion balance
- correspondent balance
- cost-effectiveness balance
- credit balance
- credit-side balance
- current balance
- current account balance
- debit balance
- debit-side balance
- decimal balance
- declining balance
- declining principal balance
- detailed trial balance
- dormant balance
- double-declining balance
- ecological balance
- economic balance
- electric balance
- electronic balance
- ending balance
- exchange balance
- export balance of payments
- export balance of trade
- export-import balance
- external balance
- external trade balance
- favourable balance
- favourable balance of payments
- fixed assets balance
- food balance
- foreign balance
- foreign exchange balance
- foreign trade balance
- forward balance
- free balance
- fuel balance
- import balance of trade
- in-stock balance
- interbank balance
- interlacing balance
- intersectoral balance
- inventory balance
- inventory-to-sales balance
- invisible balance
- invisible trade balance
- ledger balance
- line balance
- marginal balance
- material balance
- merchandise trade balance
- monthly balance
- national economic balance
- negative balance
- negative balance of payments
- negative balance of trade
- net balance
- net credit balance
- net liquidity balance
- nostro balance
- on-demand trial balance
- opening balance
- overall balance
- overall balance of accounts receivable
- overstated book balance
- overstated inventory balances
- passive balance
- passive balance of trade
- performance balance
- positive balance
- positive balance of trade
- post-closing trial balance
- precision balance
- preclosing trial balance
- preliminary trial balance
- profit balance
- profit-and-loss balance
- reasonable balance
- red balance
- regional balance
- reserve balance
- rough balance
- separate balance
- stock-and-provision balance
- strategic balance
- summary balance
- surplus balance
- till balance
- trade balance
- transactions cash balances
- trial balance
- turnover balance
- unamortized balance
- uncleared balance
- understated book balance
- unexpended balance
- unfavourable balance
- unfavourable balance of payments
- unfavourable balance of trade
- unpaid balance
- value-dated balance
- visible balance
- working balance
- zero balance
- balance between revenue and expenditure flows
- balance in red
- balance in terms of value
- balance in your favour
- balance of all financial operations
- balance of an account
- balance of accounts
- balance of an amount
- balance of bank financing
- balance of claims and liabilities
- balance of commitment
- balance of current transactions
- balance of debt
- balance of expenditures
- balance of external financing
- balance of forces
- balance of foreign debt
- balance of income and expenditure
- balance of indebtedness
- balance of interest
- balance of international payments
- balance of money
- balance of money income and expenditure
- balance of national income
- balance of an order
- balance of payments
- balance of payments on capital account
- balance of payments on current account
- balance of payments surplus
- balance of receipts and disbursements
- balance of savings and investment expenditures
- balance of services
- balance of stock on hand
- balance of surplus account
- balance of trade
- balance on deposit
- balance on hand
- balance brought forward
- balance carried forward
- balance due to
- balance owed to
- balance owing
- balance payable
- balance standing to a customer's credit
- balance standing to customer's debt
- balance standing to one's credit
- balance standing to one's debit
- on balance
- arrive at the balance
- audit a balance
- block a credit balance
- bring forward balances
- bring into balance incomes and expenditures
- carry forward the balance
- deliver the balance of the goods
- disturb balance
- draw up the balance
- make up a balance
- offset a balance
- pay the balance
- produce the balance
- redress the balance of trade
- restore balance
- settle a balance
- show a balance
- strike the balance
- update the balance
- upset balance
2. v

1) балансировать

2) сбалансировать

- balance the accounts
3. attr.

балансовый

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > balance

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

current — 01. What is the [current] rate of interest for a savings account? 02. The Canadian dollar is [currently] worth about 82¢ American. 03. When I was little, I liked to throw a tree branch in the water, and then follow it as the [current] carried it… … Grammatical examples in English
current — {{Roman}}I.{{/Roman}} noun 1 continuous flowing movement of water ADJECTIVE ▪ fast, fast flowing, powerful, strong, swift ▪ cold, warm ▪ … Collocations dictionary
Current loop — This article is about the electrical signaling schemes. For the oceanic phenomenon, see Loop current. A current loop describes two different electrical signalling schemes. Contents 1 Digital 2 Analog 3 Process control use … Wikipedia
Current controversies regarding the Presbyterian Church (USA) — The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) adopted a policy of phased, selective divestment from certain American corporations operating in Israel beginning in 2004, as a means of influencing the government of Israel [… … Wikipedia
Current Labour government (UK) — This article covers aspects of the current Labour government from 1997 under Tony Blair (1997 2007) to today under Gordon Brown.BackgroundLabour was elected in a landslide victory over John Major s Conservative government, which had become deeply … Wikipedia
USS Current (ARS-22) — was an Diver class rescue and salvage ship commissioned by the U.S. Navy during World War II. Her task was to come to the aid of stricken vessels. Current (ARS 22) was launched 25 September 1943 by Basalt Rock Co., Inc., Napa, California;… … Wikipedia
Electric current — Electromagnetism … Wikipedia
Alternating current — (green curve). The horizontal axis measures time; the vertical, current or voltage. In alternating current (AC, also ac) the movement of electric charge periodically reverses direction. In direct current (DC, also dc), the flow of electric charge … Wikipedia
High-voltage direct current — HVDC or high voltage, direct current electric power transmission systems contrast with the more common alternating current systems as a means for the bulk transmission of electrical power. The modern form of HVDC transmission uses technology… … Wikipedia
A Current Affair — For the U.S. program of the same name, see A Current Affair (U.S. TV series). A Current Affair A Current Affair title card 2009. Also known as ACA Genre … Wikipedia
Antarctic Circumpolar Current — The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is an ocean current that flows from west to east around Antarctica. An alternate name for the ACC is the West Wind Drift. The ACC is the dominant circulation feature of the Southern Ocean. It keeps warm… … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

be carried by current

Тематики

Синонимы

EN

DE

FR

Тематики

EN

Тематики

EN

Тематики

EN

Тематики

Синонимы

EN

DE

FR

Тематики

Синонимы

EN

DE

FR

Тематики

EN

Тематики

EN

DE

FR

Тематики

EN

Тематики

EN

Тематики

EN

Тематики

Обобщающие термины

Синонимы

EN

Недопустимые, нерекомендуемые

Тематики

Обобщающие термины

EN

Недопустимые, нерекомендуемые

Тематики

EN

DE

Тематики

EN

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: